Pregnancy rhinitis is a stuffy or blocked nose during pregnancy that’s not caused by allergies or a cold. You might also have a runny nose, sneezing and nasal swelling. Pregnancy rhinitis usually happens in your third trimester and can last until two weeks after you deliver. You may get relief from saline rinses or corticosteroid sprays.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal shifts are the primary underlying cause of pregnancy rhinitis. Such as Increased Estrogen levels rise significantly during pregnancy. It increases blood flow to the nasal mucosa, causing vascular engorgement (swelling of the blood vessels). Also Increased Progesterone, Progesterone causes relaxation of smooth muscle, including the smooth muscles in the nasal blood vessels. This results in vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), contributing to nasal congestion.
Increased Blood Volume and Vascular Changes
During pregnancy, total blood volume increases by up to 50%.This leads to increased pressure in the nasal capillaries, making them more prone to engorgement and congestion. The nasal mucosa becomes edematous (swollen) and more reactive.
Mucosal Gland Hyperactivity
Hormonal stimulation causes increased activity of mucus-secreting glands, leading to excessive nasal discharge (rhinorrhea).This effect is particularly associated with estrogen.
Immune System Modulation
Pregnancy involves a shift in immune response toward a more Th2-dominant (anti-inflammatory) profile. This altered immune response may cause the nasal mucosa to become more reactive or sensitive, worsening symptoms.
In conclusion, If a stuffy or runny nose is impacting your daily life, talk to your pregnancy care provider. They can make sure there isn’t another cause of your congestion (like allergies) and give you suggestions for ways to clear your nose.